[摘要]目的：探讨肺表面活性物质与布地奈德气管给药对早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征并发症的影响。方法：选取2021年10月至2022年5月于惠州市中心人民医院新生儿科住院治疗的合并有呼吸窘迫综合征的早产儿进行回顾性研究，根据不同的治疗方法分为实验组（n=33）和对照组（n=30）。对照组采用肺表面活性物质治疗，实验组采用肺表面活性物质与布地奈德治疗，比较两组呼吸机使用时间、总用氧时间、住院时间以及并发症发生情况。结果实验组呼吸机使用总时间、总用氧时间、住院时间均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。实验组颅内出血发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。实验组支气管肺发育不良的严重程度低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论肺表面活性物质与布地奈德气管内给药能够改善极低出生体重早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的并发症，改善肺部预后，值得临床推广应用。

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of tracheal administration of Pulmonary Surfactant and Budesonide on complications of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Methods Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome admitted to the Department of Neonatology of Huizhou Central People’s Hospital from October 2021 to May 2022 were selected for a retrospective study, and divided into the experimental group (n=33) and the control group (n=30) according to the different treatment methods. The control group was treated with Pulmonary Surfactant, and the experimental group was treated with Pulmonary Surfactant and Budesonide. The ventilator use time, total oxygen duration, hospital stay and complications were compared between the two groups. Results The total time of ventilator use, total oxygen duration and hospital stay in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Endotracheal administration of Pulmonary Surfactant and Budesonide can improve the complications of respiratory distress syndrome in very low birth weight premature infants and improve the prognosis of the lung, which is worthy of clinical application.

R722.6